Publications

Selected publications and reports updated through April 2026.

Book Chapter

  • Palma Fraga, R., Reddy, Y. P., Kang, Z., and Izzetoglu, K. (2020). Multimodal analysis using neuroimaging and eye movements to assess cognitive workload. In Augmented Cognition, Lecture Notes in Computer Science. Springer.

Selected Journal Articles

  • Thompson, Y., Li, Y., Kang, Z., Miller, M., Wurgler, R., and Silovsky, J. (2025). Application of the data quality framework to administrative data on child maltreatment. Child Abuse & Neglect, 169, 107646.
  • Kang, Z., Salgado, C. E. G., and Gates, S. C. (2024). Mitigating potential injuries in gymnastics: Human factors research approach on colour coding and visual perception in high-bar training. Journal of Human Sport and Exercise, 19(4), 979-991.
  • Fraga, R. P., and Kang, Z. (2024). Computational approaches to apply the String Edit Algorithm to create accurate visual scan paths. Journal of Eye Movement Research, 17(4).
  • Fraga, R. P., Kang, Z., and Crutchfield, J. M. (2024). Classification framework to identify similar visual scan paths using multiple similarity metrics. Journal of Eye Movement Research, 17(3), 16.
  • Raza, M. A., Kiran, R., Ghazal, S., Kang, Z., Salehi, S., Cokely, E., and Jeon, J. (2023). An eye tracking based framework for safety improvement of offshore operations. Journal of Eye Movement Research, 16(3), 14.
  • Jónsdóttir, A. A., Kang, Z., Sun, T., Mandal, S., and Kim, J. E. (2023). The effects of language barriers and time constraints on online learning performance: An eye-tracking study. Human Factors, 65(5), 779-791.
  • Ali, A. M., Khamaj, A., Kang, Z., Moosa, M., and Alam, M. M. (2023). User-centered design (UCD) of time-critical weather alert application. International Journal of Advanced Computer Science and Applications, 14(1).
  • Palma Fraga, R., Kang, Z., Crutchfield, J. M., and Mandal, S. (2021). Visual search and conflict mitigation strategies used by expert en route air traffic controllers. Aerospace.
  • Naeeri, S., Kang, Z., Mandal, S., and Kim, K. (2021). Multimodal analysis of eye movements and fatigue in a simulated glass cockpit environment. Aerospace.
  • Argyle, E., Gourley, J. J., Kang, Z., and Shehab, R. L. (2020). Investigating the relationship between eye movements and situation awareness in weather forecasting. Applied Ergonomics.
  • Salehi, S., Naqvi, S. A. M., Raza, M., Ghazal, S., Kang, Z., and Teodoriu, C. (2020). Simulation-based training to enhance process safety in offshore energy operations: Process tracing through eye tracking. Process Safety and Environmental Protection.
  • Mandal, S. and Kang, Z. (2018). Using eye movement data visualization to enhance training of air traffic controllers: A dynamic network approach. Journal of Eye Movement Research.
  • Khamaj, A. and Kang, Z. (2018). Usability evaluation of mobile weather hazard alert applications. Industrial and Systems Engineering Review.
  • Kang, Z., Dragoo, M. R., Yeagle, L. N., Shehab, R. L., Yuan, H., Ding, L., and West, S. G. (2018). Adaptive learning pedagogy of Universal Design for Learning for multimodal training. Journal of Aviation/Aerospace Education and Research.
  • Kang, Z. and Landry, S. J. (2015). An eye movement analysis algorithm for a multi-element target tracking task: Maximum transition-based agglomerative hierarchical clustering. IEEE Transactions on Human-Machine Systems.
  • Kang, Z. and Landry, S. J. (2014). Using scanpaths as a learning method for a conflict detection task of multiple target tracking. Human Factors.

Selected Conference Papers

  • Peng, J., Kang, Z., Lee, J., and Fraga, R. P. (2025, May). Evaluation of Brain Signal Quality in Virtual Reality: Detection of Infrared Signal Interference Using the fNIRS Device. In 2025 6th International Conference on Bio-engineering for Smart Technologies (BioSMART) (pp. 1-4). IEEE.
  • Lee, J., and Kang, Z. (2025, May). Analysis of Complex Eye Movements in Virtual Reality Using the Concepts of Visual Entropy and Visual Groupings. In 2025 6th International Conference on Bio-engineering for Smart Technologies (BioSMART) (pp. 1-4). IEEE.
  • Kang, Z., and Palma Fraga, R. (2024, July). Simulating virtual reality robots with human-like eye fixations on areas of interests in the virtual world through an automated and optimized eye fixation detection algorithm. 9th International Conference on Automation, Control, and Robotics Engineering.
  • Dirisina, J., and Kang, Z. (2023, September). Multi-method Analysis Approach to Investigate the Effect of Intermittent Interventions on Sustained Attention: Application on a Passport Screening Task. In Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, 67(1), 2338-2345. SAGE Publications.
  • Kang, Z., Palma Fraga, R., Izzoteglu, K., Lee, J., Deering, D. D., and Arana, W. X. (2023, September). Development of a smart learning application in multi-person virtual reality using biometric measures of neuroimaging, eye tracking, and haptic interactions. In Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, 67(1), 2137-2143. SAGE Publications.
  • Palma Fraga, R., Kang, Z., and Axthelm, C. M. (2023, September). Effect of Machine Learning Cross-validation Algorithms Considering Human Participants and Time-series: Application on Biometric Data Obtained from a Virtual Reality Experiment. In Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, 67(1), 2162-2167. SAGE Publications.
  • Crutchfield, J. M., Kang, Z., Palma Fraga, R., and Lee, J. (2022). Identification of expert tower controller visual scanning patterns in support of automated training tools. HCII 2022.
  • Palma Fraga, R., Kang, Z., Lee, J., and Crutchfield, J. M. (2021). Real-time eye tracking analysis for training in a dynamic task. IEEE BioSmart.
  • Kang, Z., Jeon, J., and Salehi, S. (2020). Eye tracking analytics for virtual reality training. HFES Annual Meeting.
  • Palma Fraga, R., Reddy, Y. P., Kang, Z., and Izzetoglu, K. (2020). Multimodal analysis using neuroimaging and eye movements to assess cognitive workload. HCII 2020.
  • Naeeri, S., Mandal, S., and Kang, Z. (2019). Analyzing pilot fatigue for prolonged flight mission: Multimodal analysis approach using vigilance test and eye tracking. HFES Annual Meeting.
  • Yoon, D., Kang, Z., Sun, F., and Kim, S. C. (2019). Audiences' attention to YouTube pre-roll advertising: Eye-tracking approach. American Academy of Advertising.
  • Kang, Z. (2017). Real time eye movement analysis framework. IEEE BioSmart.
  • Mandal, S., Kang, Z., Crutchfield, J., and Millan, A. (2016). Data visualization and development of quantitative metrics for analyzing eye movement data using directed weighted networks for a dynamic task. HFES Annual Meeting.
  • Kang, Z., Bass, E. J., and Lee, D. W. (2014). Air traffic controllers' visual scanning, aircraft selection, and comparison strategies in support of conflict detection. HFES Annual Meeting.

Other Recent Works

  • Kang, Z., and Arana, W. X. (2025). Changing paradigms for virtual reality learning: Design concepts of a virtual reality piano to address injuries and increase learning performance.

Technical Reports

  • Kang, Z., Palma Fraga, R., and Lee, J. (2021). Analysis of human behaviors and strategies for risk reduction: Application in high fidelity virtual reality simulation of real airports. Federal Aviation Administration.
  • Kang, Z., Mandal, S., and Palma Fraga, R. (2021). Visual scanning characteristics in airport tower operations. Federal Aviation Administration.
  • Kang, Z., Shehab, R. L., Ding, L., Yuan, H., Palma Fraga, R., Yeagle, L. N., Alhashim, A., Plata, M. R., Dragoo, M. R., and Annadi, R. A. (2019). Universal design for learning and multimodal training. Federal Aviation Administration.
  • Salehi, S., Kang, Z., Cokely, E., Muhammed, R. A., Kiran, R., Jiwon, J., and Ybarra, V. (2018). Virtual reality offshore operations training infrastructure. National Academy of Sciences.
  • Kang, Z., Dyer, J. W., West, S. G., Palma Fraga, R., Mandal, S., Egwu, K., and McClung, S. N. (2018). Characterization and application of air traffic controllers' visual search patterns and control strategies for efficient and effective training. Federal Aviation Administration.